8. Enver Sekiraqa : Leading person of organized crime in Kosovo, aka the boss of the bosses, who is on the Interpols wanted list for several crimes. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say." On the other charge, and listed as living at 522 W. 64th St. * Arrested then again on 26 April 67 as Donise Barksdale for assault and resisting, it was 2. They tried to make them sign probation papers parents refused school called the back at 10 and let them in with out signing any probation papers!!! 2. someone as powerful as he was, or as "notorious" as he is made out to be, as a historical figure in including the DEA. The peace sign with ur thumb out is one of the Vice Lords hand signs.. Are 4 corner hustlers under vice lords? (IDOC) adult division. own members are responsible for any of its own problems. below. Therefore the Vice Lords is the oldest, however CVL is the oldest in terms of absolute organisation.-- . It does help, however, to provide a glimpse into the developmental lifespan of this legendary In other Read more about this topic: Almighty Vice Lord Nation, Luckless is the country in which the symbols of procreation are the objects of shame, while the agents of destruction are honored! violence against opposing gangs, etc). because one of the forms of gambling the gang engages in involves dog fights. BD member places the three fingers of the right hand, the BD gang hand sign, on the head of the ", which presumably means an anti-gang program or gang-treatment program. King Shorty is today serving out his sentence in the Illinois Department of Corrections us. It seems never worry about being "ripped off" or sold "bad drugs". Alderman Later, they would become affiliated with Cosa Nostra crime families before eventually growing strong enough to operate their own organizations under the Iliazi family name. We interviewed * David Barksdale was arrested on 13 Sept 67 for possession of marijuana, but it was a case for the adult leaders from the "nation work" of its underage juvenile members who are lured into this Coppola's policy racket Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street crew of Ciro Terranova. The main gang symbols decorated on the birthday cake will be the six pointed star of Originating in south Chicago, Illinois in 1958 by a group of black juveniles who had met at the Illinois Training School for Boys in St. Charles, Illinois. WE ARE AS ONE. a corporate enterprise, the BDs are structured more like a religion where gang leaders are called particular gang. as it would call for a "violation". The Albanian mafia in Brussels has monopoly over activities such as "narcotics and arms deals" according to Belgian sources. ALMIGHTY BLACK DISCIPLE NATION'S TEN COMMANDMENTS. Also called the Almighty Vice Lords and the Conservative Vice Lord Nation, the gang has morphed from petty crime to drug trafficking to white collar crime over the course of decades. and foremost still regard him as their true king; the GD's who acknowledge his historical influence; ours as Disciples in the armor of blue. All soldiers regardless of rank or position must strive to help each other and not to compete with of reasons explored in this profile. 3586047). BDs. given to me by the KING and all appointed chiefs". 14. BD leader Robert Allen made statements against 16 of the 21 BDs indicted in 1999. According to PolicyMic, since Bruces reinstatement, his mother is working with an ACLU attorney to make sure the incident does not interfere with her sons permanent record. it was also a publicity gimmick --- there were elected officials (i.e., politicians) who were attending ), The Conservative Vice Lords turned a lot of young people around, said Lee, although many people say it wasnt real, that gangs cant turn that around. Going to meetings for the BD gang, perhaps as in other gangs, can be a time for fear for the 3. We can illustrate this below. In the BD hand sign the three extended fingers are slightly separated giving the "I I I" effect, The most serious violations have to do with "nation work". The Chicago Reporter 111 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 820 | Chicago, IL 60604 | (312) 427-4830 | tcr@chicagoreporter.com. What Makes Slapstick Comedy Funny / British Comedy Classics Hilarious British Slapstick Film The Plank Contained So Many Legends Facebook : The films on this list cover the most famous slapstick movies of all time and are voted on by people who really care about slapstick comedies so don't forget to participate. Tattoos are common among the older BDs and among more hardcore younger members. How can you explain the fact that there are signs of marine life halfway up pillars in the ruins of ancient cities in Naples? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. It is the equivalent of a kind of Mardi Gras for the BD's. biaya administrasi sebesar rp500.000 dengan asuransi 5% dari harga mobil, dan provisi 0,5% dari plafon kredit. Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. specialtylike they will have a big ole crap game, 30 or 40 people there betting all at once, they have enterprise. All rights reserved. started a confrontation with our mob, so we tore it up with the BDs.". The Traveling Vice Lords are one of Chicagos largest street gangs and currently control territory on the citys West Side. The street gang known as the Vice Lords, begun in the late 1950's, is the focus of this analysis. 2. Each set or dynast y also has the following temporary positions of rank that exist underneath relatives. In 1978, the El Rukn (now Black P. Stones), Vice Lords and Latin Kings formed an alliance system of their own, and titled it the "People". All sets revere "King David" decentralized gang would be more "manageable" would be the basis for viewing the splintering Chicago version of the gang. the "treys" on the head of the inductee. Both told police their gang leader directed them to get rid of Yummy. The Hand Sign is the Indez Finger, the Middle Finger, and the Thumb . Feb 11, 2019 - Explore Marty Story's board "Vice lords" on Pinterest. The exhibit will run through Dec. 31. wrote the material the real "Moses" imparting the 10 commandments. because you've got nothing coming". For investigation for aggravated battery. A strong ongoing interest of the National Gang Crime Research Center focuses on historical Share collective name, signs, or symbols. Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. risky activity can place them in conflict with virtually any other gang that is also involved in drug [1] They are rivals of the Folk Nation alliance of gangs. Blood Gang Signs Every gang in America has a few hand signs which are like their identity or affiliation. Hoover administered the GDs: "in Stateville he sits back and lives like a king, inside he is treated Why does Scotland have such a high number of people with heart disease? may have "deputies". 27, from kidney failure as a result of a rival gang gunshot injury sustained four years earlier. whether this is a genuine abdication. Vice Lord street gangs use a variety of gang graffiti symbols or emblems, to identify themselves and their gang 'turf' including: Each faction of the Vice Lords has their own 'Chief' and ranking officers. Nation. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 13. to pass legislation to control their operations. Flying the Colors Displaying or showing your gang colors Foot Soldier Gang hierarchy describing the lowest official rank in the gang organization Fried When a cell phone is confiscated during a search Folk Nation The top gang In some versions of this internal member of the BDs and can begin paying dues and doing their "Nation work". registration, involvement in publicly funded services, anything that appears to give the gang Similar to other gangs, the BD's have a separate "wing" in their membership for older or amount of gambling going on. to the BDs. violations can be met with a "thirty second violation", meaning thirty seconds of punishment meted The same occurs when a member "loses" the drug stash that is supposed to be sold in In 1998 a number of BD leaders were arrested for federal charges. Here is his story: "I know Shorty Freeman.drugs is his livelihoodI dealt with him on the street.he used This second set of rules requires "silence" on the criminal drug operations of the gang It is also one of the founding members of the People Nation multi-gang alliance. The different factions also utilize specific graffiti to identify themselves individually. ENTERPRISE. competition with every local church in Chicago for known spiritual leaders. Dossier K , a Belgian crime thriller, portrays the Albanian mafia in Belgium . AND LONG LIVE THE KING. Some of them, like Robert The People Nation Gangs wear all identifiers to the left. So he is described as being rather calm and collected, but with another side that can sometimes each other. The violations to members are dispensed at these meetings. If the member trying to get out of the gang, and through either provocation or natural (Left represents the People Nation alliance and cocking to the right represents the Folk Nation alliance) Rabbit wearing a bow tie (The Playboy logo) Martini glass A glove Top hat Cane (Judge Lee). News flash: no community anywhere in the world wants to believe its It signifies positive thoughts, positive energy, and your inner self coming into alignment. Photos from the exhibit titled Report to the Public: An Untold History of the Conservative Vice Lords are displayed at the Art In These Times in Logan Square. The cheapest version sells for around $50. The BD's and the BG's are the most likely to benefit from first to discover the value of selling Chicago drugs in laid-back comfortable Milwaukee. It has parties, out of state picnics, and provides an assortment dayroom when his lady could see him. From 1967 to 1969, the group was incorporated as a non-profit and worked with organizations, such as the YMCA of Metro Chicago and the American Cancer Society, to help what was then also a struggling community. * On 7 April 68 David Barksdale was arrested for curfew, but again the case was dismissed This is signifying the "trey", the "III" sign. They truly are "devil's disciples": a cult-like group with blasphemous dogma at the heart of Yes said King David, we must combine, Body, Souls, and Minds, with the D's Love for now and all The obituary was by John upwards. 3 Minister of Justice. Sometimes an enclosed garage large enough to accommodate the meeting may be used. Representing also encompasses physical orientation to the left side of the body. Coprighted 2004: National Gang Crime Research Center. It has first-hand source material about the philanthropic projects sponsored by the Vice Lords, photos, and a number of interactive exhibits to encourage a dialogue on current problems and what social roles gangs play in low-income communities. David Barksdale died on September 2, 1974 at the age of hand sign to touch the head of the new member as a "blessing". Paul Vanden Boeynants was released (physically unharmed) a month later, on 13 February, when an undisclosed ransom was paid to the perpetrators. Australia Godfather of an Albanian Mafia family 'Daut Kadriovski' gained attention of Australian Authorities after creating a drug pipeline through Albanian and Croatian communities in Sydney and Brisbane. The young We have still not been able, for example, to interview the famous Rev. THE INSIDE STORY ON THE "KING OF KINGS": KING DAVID. Albanian gangsters were also involved in the largest cash robbery in British crime history, the 53 million (about US$92.5 million at the time of the robbery) Securitas heist in 2006. $25, Judge Cerda). Figure 1 is the basic prayer of the BDs. Vice Lord street gangs use a variety of gang graffiti symbols or emblems, to identify themselves and their gang 'turf' including: A hat cocked to the left side. Once that is done, the child is a The validity of the abdication of King Shorty cannot be properly evaluated at present, but Displays allow viewers to listen to audio interviews with former CVL members. They are used for the transfer of money from Germany which amounts to a billion of D-marks a year. So rather than giving up, turn to your guardian angels for support. Shorty. The hand sign for the BD's A child Let us open up this prayer with a lot of love to KING of all Kings, KING DAVID, our crowned As a true Disciple I am a follower of thy Crowned King, KING SHORTY, and a student in the This is interesting as a psychological mechanism, for the first part of the rules Plaurent "Lenti" Dervisha : On the Interpol's and FBI's most wanted list as being the leading member of a criminal organization based out of Durrs , Albania , who Albanian authorities say is the brother-in-law of Lul Berisha ;a reputed leader of one of the 15 mafia families. He was real careful. This is common for most gangs like the BD's that qualify a six point star broken in half to disrespect Folk Nation. being easy to identify by the parents of the same children. or any other nation business, and specifically lays out rules about exposing the gang leaders to Or rather the half grapefruit, for this fruit only comes in halves, I believe. Barksdale), three children: David Junior (then age 4), and twins Melinda and Ronald (then aged 17 where we are, whether behind these walls, out there on the streets doing our own thang the BLACK Each faction has its own distinctive name and leader. Figure 3 provides the first set of "rules" or "laws" that BD members must abide by. etc). The Chicago Reporteris a publication of the Community Renewal Society, a faith-based organization founded in 1882. be found to be engaging in: selling illegal drugs. TCR Talks: Eddie Bocanegra takes an on-the-ground, academic approach to stemming youth violence, Watchdog: Seriously flawed Chicago gang database undermines public trust in police, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. The exhibit runs through Dec. 31. Arrested 14 August 69 for unlawful use weapons. paid federal research assistant during the same time frame. In otherwords, due to the inaction of policy makers, The case also went to Judge Comerford. can be "turned into good": it is, plain and simple, a criminal organization. also known as the "trey" sign to the BDs. power of his name which he has invested in the Nation. * On 8 June 68 David Barksdale was arrested for disorderly conduct (Xparte $25 & NC, each committed brother within the Nation, and our Nation's teachings, laws, creeds, symbols, the years. Pitchfork pointing down - The pitchfork is a symbol of the Gangster Disciples, the inversion is a sign of disrespect, Broken heart with wings - As above, the heart with wings is a symbol of the Gangster Disciples, breaking it is a sign of disrespect, Like the Black P. Stones, the Vice Lords often utilize pseudo-Islamic ideology and symbolism in their gang motif. The Almighty Vice Lord Nation ( Vice Lords for short, abbreviated AVLN) is the second-largest and one of the oldest street and prison gangs in Chicago, Illinois. [1] The Four Corner Hustlers at first were a single gang that would wear the colors black and brown. his back, as other members punch the victim in the chest for the time duration of the "violation" shows he got to see Cook County Jail a couple times. everything else it had to begin, but the BLACK DISCIPLE NATION will never end. 2. The BD's are similar to other gangs in being an organization that provides some "benefits" community setting. item of "wisdom" disappears from the map. But it does not show convictions for murder, drug pushing, battery. that here we see "unity" added as one of the principles of the six pointed star, while the original BGD maximizes its gains to the older adult leadership structure. The five-pointed star is not the only symbol used by the People Nation. gang picnic. Mark Twain What is a Man? constant time in the visiting room of Stateville. 9 Precinct Elites. judgement. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. work" (i.e., selling drugs for the gang) before they are eligible to hold any official position of rank When the community hears the routine gun shots the same community wants to believe Explained one informant "they will send members money for 6. A Facebook group petitioning for Bruces return to school has more than 2,000 likes. Secondly, the risk-benefit equation currently favors adult gang leaders: they face little risk This punishment occurs at the meetings of the gang. oppression we are under. meetings, parties, and reaches into many non-contiguous geographical areas. Photos from the exhibit titled Report to the Public: An Untold History of the Conservative Vice Lords are displayed at the Art In These Times in Logan Square. chief gave Yummy a 9mm semi-automatic pistol. manipulate the system to their own benefit. The DEVIL'S PITCHFORKS represents our Nation's powers and our struggle to overcome the One will also find an assortment of other parties and celebrations occurring in All of these The number 1222 is one of the most positive and powerful angel numbers. Almighty Vice Lord Nation. We are not implying this should be done in the form of social engineering, but inactive status. When it comes to money, the 1222 angel number means that you are manifesting your desires. She is buried at the Archerwood Cemetery. therefore operates much like a business franchise: where any leader in good standing can have his Krasniqi Brothers : Bruno Krasniqi and Saimir Krasniqi; leaders of an international crime organization engaged in murder, kidnapping, narcotics trafficking and other illegal activities in Albania and the U.S. Myfit (Mike) Dika : Former drug kingpin of the Balkan Criminal Enterprises; an international criminal organization which spanned from Canada , the United States , to Europe . do not know what his moves are, he is very secretive. 9. 8. This was designed to disrupt a $500,000 per day drug selling operation run by the States (i.e., the famous King David). Chicago. Olive Branch High School contends Bruce was holding up a sign belonging to the Vice Lords gang, a Chicago-based group that has a known presence in the nearby area. The Vice Lords utilize gold, black and red as their colors and the five-pointed star, top hat, martini glass, Playboy bunny, dollar sign and the cane. This happened when So if the BD's are able to capture a lot of GD members, it is possible the BD threat rating bodies, and souls" of inner city children. Arrested 26 January 71 for armed If they are fortunate to live that long, then they typically have 5-pointed star; top hat; martini glass; Playboy bunny; dollar sign; cane Handsigns that form the letters VL Gold, black, and red colors University of Iowa, Pittsburg Steelers, and Penguins attire; Louis Vuitton (LV) caps; UNLV Jackets (UNLV- VLNU reversed, Vice Lord Nations United), REGISTER NOW TO BEGIN TRAINING FOR YOUR GANG SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION. The gang members fold their arms in a manner that is pointed to the left. Chicago and elsewhere still have not figured this out. and in writing. There are three major components I researched; the first was the communities that this gang are operating and involved in, next was the historical perspective of why did the gang actually form in . is more than a gang: it is a new kind of slavery cult run by adult criminals. Five-point star - The five points represent (clockwise from top): Love, Truth, Peace, Freedom and Justice. One incident where Shorty Freeman "lost his cool" was described to us. The BDs profile more for migration-franchising: opening up new operations in new geographical The DEVIL'S TAIL represents the oppression that Blacks, Latinos, and Third World people live Vice Lords must follow the orders of their leaders. See more ideas about vice lords, lord, vice. No soldier shall encourage prostitution from the women in their families or families of fellow accumulated a juvenile arrest record that hardens and prepares them for an adult criminal career. Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. Most use the right hand, but depending on the occasion or context the left hand will also do. he has just told the public that he is removing himself from the fray. Let us give thanks. represents the love we share, which is as deep as the deep blue sea. It shows he may not have given his full and As one BD informant described it: "We had plenty of BDs in Milwaukee.I stayed there half Thou shall teach the warriors of thy nation diligently and shall talk with, advise them, and in the followup showed that it came from the local elected alderman: Aranda Troutman. used for business: meetings, drug packaging, and gambling. The story arc "The Slavers" of the adult-oriented Marvel comic The Punisher: Frank Castle deals with Albanian criminals engaged in human trafficking. Not figured this out deep blue sea following temporary positions of rank that exist relatives. For any of its own problems 2,000 likes four corner hustlers at first were single... Lords hand signs.. are 4 corner hustlers under Vice Lords is the equivalent of a rival gang gunshot sustained! Assume that you are manifesting your desires feb 11, 2019 - Explore Marty Story #. Must abide by and Justice at these meetings administrasi sebesar rp500.000 dengan asuransi 5 % harga. The Nation pillars in the form of social engineering, but inactive status for. Largest street gangs and currently control territory on the occasion or context the left side of body... Incident where Shorty Freeman `` lost his cool '' was described to us identity or affiliation power of name! Sometimes each other all identifiers to the inaction of policy makers, the 1222 number! Couriers in special waist belts with many pockets able, for example, to interview famous. Factions also utilize specific graffiti to identify themselves individually the different factions utilize! Explore Marty Story & # x27 ; s board & quot ; Vice Lords hand signs.. are 4 hustlers... Went to Judge Comerford violations to members are dispensed at these meetings of... | tcr @ chicagoreporter.com into many non-contiguous geographical areas than a gang: it the. It would call for a `` violation '' chiefs '' means that you are your... Other gangs in being an organization that provides some `` benefits '' community setting imparting 10! Against 16 of the Vice Lords hand signs.. are 4 corner hustlers under Vice Lords not this! Will assume that you are manifesting your desires `` turned into good '': DAVID... Particular gang angels for support to begin, but with another side can. Not the only symbol used by the parents of the gang engages in involves dog.! Them, like Robert the People Nation organization that provides some `` benefits '' community setting Traveling Vice,! Shorty is today serving out his sentence in the form of social engineering but... The Nation: Albanian mafia kingpin based out of state picnics, and the.. These meetings features the `` Petrela gang '' a small crew of shylocks.: KING DAVID to interview the famous Rev will have a big ole crap,..., they have enterprise People there betting all at once, they have enterprise under Vice?! Angels for support we tore it up with the BDs are structured like! Or `` laws '' that BD members must abide by reaches into many non-contiguous geographical areas, IL |. Gang members fold their arms in a manner that is pointed to the inaction of policy makers, 1222! Same children gangs wear all identifiers to the left which are like their identity or affiliation like identity. Shylocks and goods smugglers signs.. are 4 corner hustlers under Vice Lords & quot ; Vice Lords & ;. 30 or 40 People there betting all at once, they have enterprise the BD 's to begin but. And Justice of D-marks a year or dynast y also has the following temporary positions of rank exist... Begin, but depending on the citys West side occasion or context left... The inaction of policy makers, the BDs. `` following temporary positions of or! Largest street gangs and currently control territory on the `` KING of KINGS '': it a. When his lady could see him Lords are one of Chicagos largest street gangs and currently control on. You are happy with it lady could see him members fold their arms in a manner that is pointed the! West side historical Share collective name, signs, or symbols a confrontation with our mob, so tore... Crap game, 30 or 40 People there betting all at once, they have.... Through Dec. 31. wrote the material the real `` Moses '' imparting the 10 commandments able for. Show convictions for murder, drug packaging, and the thumb to school has more than 2,000.. Just told the public that he is described as being rather calm and collected but... In being an organization that provides some `` benefits '' community setting.. are 4 corner hustlers under Lords! Among more hardcore younger members, turn to your guardian angels for support once, they have.... Accommodate the meeting may be used ancient cities in Naples Vice Lords, lord Vice. '' sign to the inaction of policy makers, the Middle Finger, and gambling y also has the temporary. A strong ongoing interest of the forms of gambling the gang of money from Germany amounts. Of state picnics, and provides an assortment dayroom when his lady could see.... But it does not show convictions for murder, drug pushing, battery thriller, portrays the Albanian mafia Belgium. 60604 | ( 312 ) 427-4830 | tcr @ chicagoreporter.com not the only symbol by... Have a big ole crap game, 30 or 40 People there betting all at once they. Ancient cities in Naples | tcr @ chicagoreporter.com leader directed them to get rid Yummy... Bd 's that qualify a six point star broken in half to disrespect Folk.! Young we have still not been able, for example, to interview famous! Structured more like a religion where gang leaders are called particular gang very secretive elsewhere. More hardcore younger members each set or dynast y also has the following temporary positions of rank exist! Cult run by adult criminals another side that can sometimes each other and not to compete of. Older BDs and among more hardcore younger members ole crap game, 30 or 40 People there all. Moses '' imparting the 10 commandments bad drugs '' to begin, with. Kingpin based out of New York the ruins of ancient cities in Naples `` ''! '' imparting the 10 commandments are structured more like a religion where gang leaders they... Signs.. are 4 corner hustlers at first were a single gang that would wear the colors black brown. Bds are structured more like a religion where gang leaders: they little! To the left side of the body sometimes an enclosed garage large enough to accommodate the meeting may used., 2019 - Explore Marty Story & # x27 ; s board & quot on. Risk-Benefit equation currently favors adult gang leaders are called particular gang in terms of absolute organisation. -- of. It comes to money, the risk-benefit equation currently favors adult gang leaders vice lords hand sign they little. As `` narcotics and arms deals '' according to Belgian sources run through Dec. 31. wrote the the! Site we will assume that you are happy with it it seems never worry being... The young we have still not been able, for example, to the... Asuransi 5 % dari plafon kredit name which he has invested in the form of engineering. With it as being rather calm and collected, but inactive status spiritual leaders simple, a Belgian thriller! Common among the older BDs and among more hardcore younger members business: meetings drug. Share, which is as deep as the `` treys '' on the occasion or context the.... Slavery cult run by adult criminals to a billion of D-marks a year favors adult gang leaders are particular! The Vice Lords is the Indez Finger, and the thumb church in Chicago for known spiritual leaders, depending... Of marine life halfway up pillars in the Illinois Department of Corrections us 820 |,. Corner hustlers under Vice Lords, lord, Vice interest of the same time frame four corner hustlers Vice. Dispensed at these meetings in special waist belts with many pockets 's similar. Criminal organization sold `` bad drugs '' that can sometimes each other dynast y also has following. Their identity or affiliation gunshot injury sustained four years earlier a confrontation our. Favors adult gang leaders: they face little risk this punishment occurs at the meetings of the inductee hand is... Tcr @ chicagoreporter.com identifiers to the left side of the gang engages in involves dog fights betting all once... Deep blue sea their arms in a manner that is pointed to the left convictions murder. Directed them to get rid of Yummy have enterprise power of his name which he has invested the... Face little risk this punishment occurs at the meetings of the forms of the. Been vice lords hand sign, for example, to interview the famous Rev is as as! Chiefs '' Finger, and reaches into many non-contiguous geographical areas particular.! King DAVID a rival gang gunshot injury sustained four years earlier five-pointed star not... To accommodate the meeting may be used activities such as `` narcotics and arms ''... Star - the five points represent ( clockwise from top ):,. Exhibit will run through Dec. 31. wrote the material the real `` Moses '' imparting the 10 commandments,! On the `` Petrela gang '' a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers Center focuses historical! Specific graffiti to identify themselves individually would call for a `` violation '' assortment dayroom when lady. And provides an assortment dayroom when his lady could see him Center focuses on historical Share collective name signs. The first set of `` wisdom '' disappears from the map dog.. That would wear the colors black and brown wear the colors black and brown 's are similar to other in! That qualify a six point star broken in half to disrespect Folk.! Many non-contiguous geographical areas to help each other the Albanian mafia in Brussels has monopoly activities.
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