Lavender has a delicate, sweet smell that is floral, herbal, and evergreen woodsy at the same time. If snow is on the ground, you should apply these scents around 6 feet above the snow line. Should I return for a scented one? Read more. In general, lavender has a softer scent that many people enjoy. Oregano oil is also effective at repelling deer. Its just what acids like that smell like. English lavender has some important characteristics: A very gentle, relaxing and complex scent. I was surprised that a lot of my usual ingredients are not pet friendly like cinnamon, tea tree, peppermint. So, they may be more effective in providing an aromatic scent for deer to smell when approaching your area. We recommend buying one unscented in the tube and one of your favorite scents or unscented in the stick. Additionally, it has subtle, powdery, or smokey notes. Linalool is the alcohol component in lavender that puts out its unique odor. Comparison of active ingredients and delivery systems in deer repellents. Im a nurse who has smelled some awful stuff. However, not all cats will respond the same way to each scent, so it is important to do your research before using any essential oils around cats. Essential oils can be inhaled directly or used in a diffuser to disperse the scent throughout your home. As the site owner, I earn commissions for referring traffic and business to these companies, at no additional cost to you. Additionally, it has subtle, powdery, or smokey notes. ( they state that the smell disappears quickly). If sage sounds like a scent you would enjoy, explore this collection of Homesick candles with notes of sage and similar sage-inspired fragrances. The Journal of wildlife management, 341-347. Related Reading: How Long Does Lavender Take to Grow? Theyre adorable little creatures that can provide some benefits to your outdoor spaces but,, Read More 8 Ways to Keep Ducks Away for GoodContinue. For me, no matter what scent, it fades pretty quick and I dont notice it. How Long Do Succulents Live? Clary sage offers. Lume lasts for 72 hours 3x longer than regular deodorant. While the flowers of lavender are symmetrical and grow to 4 inches in diameter, those of sage measure only an inch. One component of clary sage oil is sclareol, which mimics the effects of estrogen in the body. Quick! But if you think of lavender as being too sweet, it might be time to expand your horizons. Lavandula stoechas, or Spanish lavender, is easily recognizable by its large purple bracts that resemble a butterfly's wings. Both herbs are useful in the kitchen and in medicine, and both look lovely as border plants. Lavender belongs to the aromatic or fougere scent family, along with green herbs like thyme and sage. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. I grew up in an area of Upstate, NY where dealing with wildlife pests is a common occurrence. What to Do With Lavender Leaves? One of the best options to make your house smell good while being safe for cats is to use natural essential oils. Because its more about stopping bad smells than having a scent. Lavender Sage Fragrance Oil is a herbal scent by Natures Garden. Everyone is so different its tough to tell. 2013;2013:681304. doi: 10.1155/2013/681304, The 16 Best Perfumes Worn By Celebs of 2023, Ive Tried Countless Vanilla FragrancesThese 12 Are the Best on the Market, 26 Luxe Candles Youll Want to Gift Everyone This Year, 15 New Fall Fragrances That Call For Mandatory Spritzing, Aftershave vs. Cologne: The Byrdie Boy Guide to Finding Your Scent, 15 Summer Fragrances That Will Mentally Teleport You to the Beach, The 18 Sensual Fragrances Editors Wear for Date Night, The 20 Best Perfumes for Women of 2023 (And All Time), 18 Fragrances That Attract Mega Compliments, Unisex Perfumes: 15 of the Best Gender-Neutral Fragrances, 19 Natural Perfumes That Actually Smell Amazing, The 9 Best Sandalwood Perfumes on the Market. In the United States, Russian sage is commonly cultivated for its aromatic properties. Regardless of the variety, the key difference between the two plants is in the floral form. Once established, Russian sage is drought-tolerant, and it prefers hot, dry climates. However, white sage also has its purpose in creating scents, too. You dial it up from the bottom of the package and swipe it on. They are both grown as perennial shrubs. Aromatic scents blend well with almost any essential oil from the woody, spicy, and citrus scent categories. Your email address will not be published. After applying it under my arms and other areas that initial stank smell went away. Two of the most common species are English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia). Chances are, you may be starting to think of what precisely this smells like as you read it. Learn all about this scent, too, in our Jasmine Scent Guide. In essence, DEET works by masking the scent of a gnats target, meaning that gnats with their incredibly strong sense of smell, aren't able to smell their accessible food sources. Enjoy the Scent of Lavender in Our Wildflower Candle. Quite honestly, this may be one of the most effective (and stinky) repellents on this list. Thats why Homesick uses lavender in a variety of our candles. Marigolds overall are a plant that has an EXTREMELY strong scent. Ignite the Homesicks. Lavender has a scent that is both floral and herbal in nature, combining the floral and herbal elements of lavender with the woodsy notes of roses and other plants. Help! Luckily for me, Vito isnt the biggest pest in my life. Today, she is a contributing writer rounding up the best products in makeup, skin, and hair. This will help make sure that the garlic scent is released and more easily picked up by deer. Both herbs grow to be around four feet tall and three feet wide. They need a high amount of water, while the former is hardier and doesnt do well in poor soil. Our second choice is a warm, inviting, and calming scent. My conclusion, dont waste your money. I want to be able to smell and sample ALL the scents so I know which ones I like and have the samples available to my family so they can pick the ones they like as well. Rosemary as a herb itself is also deeeelish! Lavender, on the other hand, is smaller and more compact, growing to be about three feet tall and wide. The former is lighter than the latter. She has previously held editorial positions at Vanity Fair, Allure, Byrdie, and Refinery29. Thanks, were still huge fans. Maybe it spoiled because it took a LONG time to deliver. Motion sensor lights by themselves will do a decent job at repelling wildlife for a bit. I think the deodorant cream stinks so bad. I guess Im just weird. Look for sales (sign up for their email list) or try the samples. Im sure its got to be an ingredient. Plant Gardener is supported by readers. Burning white sage is another method thats often used. And the smell of lavender is quite similar. Lavender has more lavender-like qualities than Russian sage, and its fragrance is more common and well-known. You can place it on things like rocks, fences, and posts to keep deer away from either the whole perimeter of your yard or garden or from specific plants. Ive been using Lume for about 2 weeks now. You can also set up some plastic netting to protect smaller plants from being eaten as well. Top notes of lavender, along with jasmine and geranium, transport you to a field of wildflowers as far as the eye can see. Its kind of like that. Lume doesnt. This is risky behavior that we do not condone. Top notes of lavender, along with jasmine and geranium, transport you to a field of wildflowers as far as the eye can see. While there are over 900 different sage bush variations, we will break down a few of the common types and explore the subtle scents of each. Lavender grounds it all into a wear-everyday, where'd-you-get-that scent that's sure to cause compliments. Russian sage grows better in soils with high sand and low clay content. In addition to this, deer are likely to expand their diets during starvation periods where food is scarce. And the smell of lavender is quite similar. Its flowers are purple, and the plant blooms for a long time. With top notes of vanilla, coffee and butter and base notes of tobacco and musk, it will feel like youre on a relaxing picnic in the French countryside or sipping a cafe au lait from a bistro in the streets of Paris. In 1891, the Curling Bros. Barbershop burned down in Westlake, N.Y. All of the shaving tonics burned, emitting a blended scent of spearmint, lime, vanilla, and lavender and they imagine this perfume smells exactly like it. Complete Guide, Flower / Light / Plant Care / Plant Growing, Does Lavender Need Full Sun? Purple sage is the largest sage native to California, can reach 6 feet in height in the wild. Your email address will not be published. On Russian sage flower spikes, the individual blossoms are tiny. Why put any fragrance in it in the first place then. You can also plant the two plants together in your garden. & no I wasnt paid to say this! Sometimes crisp and often with strong green notes and pairings, sage can come across strong to someone who has never smelled it before. Growing Guide for English Lavender. This is mostly because the plants scent isnt very strong yet. It is arguably the most refined lavender scent you can get, and if you want to grow lavender for the oil (essential oil), Lavandula angustifolia has the highest quality oil. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. There are many variations of sage. If we were to go back and review them again, wed make that point. This not only can cover up the odors of plants that a deer would consider food, but it also makes it so that a deer can not smell any potential predators very well when around marigolds. The scent combines lavender from Provences Hautes-Alpes region with amber-like lavender from the valley, plus a third lavender blended with warm tonka bean. This aroma is natural blend of beautiful french lavender and fresh herbal compounds with a few more sweet and spice elements to create a perfect scent! I will buy again and would like to try other scents as well. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); I'm Zack DeAngelis, the creator of Pest Pointers. There are some similarities between the two. In addition, they are both very drought-tolerant. The unscented and the new Silver Spruce scent comes in lotion form. Mint is another effective and natural way to repel deer. Homesick explores this wonderful, versatile herb and scent. Lavender is so synonymous with serenity that it is associated with the crown chakra, known for its spiritual connection. Weve put together a primer that describes the distinctive qualities of lavenders scent and its uses below. Blended with sage and tonka bean, this lavender-laced perfume is the perfect final touch to your favorite date look. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lume INVISIBLE CREAM 2.2oz LAVENDER SAGE Whole Body Deodorant 72HR Odor Control at the best online prices at eBay! (Read this first), Does Lemongrass Oil Repel Mosquitoes? It is also important to remember that fawns will try many plants that adult deer may not normally eat. With top notes of soothing lavender, bergamot and sage, this candle smells like a bouquet of fresh flowers on the kitchen table. Ignite the Homesicks France candle and be transported to the lavender fields in the Provence region of France, where violets and purples blanket the landscape. No baking soda. 9 Animal Predators That Eat Spiders: In-Depth Look, 7 Things That Voles Hate (And How To Use Them), 6 Simple Ways to Keep Cockroaches Away From Your Clothes, 7 Things To Do If You Find A Squirrel In Your House, The Fascinating Reason Why Wasp Spray Works. , lovingly made for mothers everywhere. Lavender oil, in particular, has always been known for its profound anxiety-reducing effects and the treatment of neurological disorders. After two days my body oder is worse than none at all. . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. It is low-maintenance, has a shrubby habit, and silvery green leaves. What Is The Difference? Parisians are a romantic, relaxed bunch, and its easy to understand why. In the case of the Russian sage, the calyx is covered in coarse white hairs and is also a lavender-blue. However, sage is also used in products like candles. an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome in babies. In this scent guide, Homesick explores this elegant flower and offers lavender-scented candles that are sure to send you good, calming vibes. Crushed lavender flowers are used to make lavender essential oils, which are used in things like candles and perfumes. For this reason, clary sage may be effective at reducing some of the symptoms of menopause. The flame got big, blackening the side of the glass candle holder. This will allow the scent to be carried to the deer more effectively. Salvia leucophylla Purple Sage. Guess Seductive Homme. Like most of the other herbs on this list, you can use oregano plants and oregano oil as a way to keep deer away. But despite its similarities, it does not have the same aroma. Like all of the other plants on this list, you could choose to use lavender as a way to protect specific plants by planting lavender around them, or you could prevent deer from entering your garden altogether by planting lavender around your gardens perimeter. whats your opinion of the lavender sage in comparison to those you tried? Ever notice when your dog will peeconstantlyin short bursts when out in your yard or on a walk? Lets get to it! Sometimes called velvet sage, Mexican bush sage ( Salvia leucantha ) is a shade-tolerant lavender lookalike that grows best in zones 7 to 10. If youd like to grow sage in your garden, you should choose a cultivar with similar characteristics to lavender. The scent combines lavender from Provence's Hautes-Alpes region with amber-like lavender from the valley, plus a third . To give putrescent egg solids a bit more efficacy, theEPA registeredthem for use as an animal repellent way back in 1975. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 322-330. Both plants can be planted together. Than would make me a very happy person. Jan Lee its a 60 day return policy, not that they wont refund you for 60 days. Are Cacti Succulents? Heres why: body odor gets stuck in non-natural fabrics like polyester, fitted clothing, and exercise clothing the latter being the worst. 12 Creative Uses, Autoflower Vs Feminized: Differences You Should Know, Conclusion on What Do Lavender Smell Like, 9 Best Soil For Succulents In Pot 2022: Top Picks, How To Keep A Greenhouse Warm In The Winter? Its flowers are blue with a hint of purple. So thank you for supporting our channel/blog. A good rule of thumb is that Russian sage shrub and lavender have different needs. Also Read: Is Lavender Perennial Or Annual? When it comes to color, Russian sage features deep blue or purple flowers, while lavender has a more violet hue. However, clary sage also offers a tranquil, calming scent that can help you unwind. I didnt like the tangerine as much as the Coconut Crush. Frangipani flowers, incense and candles always involved during production. is it safe to use next to testicles have had issue with burning from menthol products vapor seems to get from my back and knees and burning sensation in genitle area thanks. However, if you want to avoid a clash between the two, then you should separate the plants. So what does jasmine smell like? In other words, the scent is actually good as if you needed an excuse to spritz it on. Learn for yourself and explore this delightful fragrance, too. Its definitely more pricey but you only use a little at a time and it lasts for longer (make sure that you rub it in and let it dry before putting on your clothes, for best results). You can take a peakski atBobbexs Deer Repellent hereif youre interested. Plus, planted sage provides a wonderful smell in your garden. }); However, we did have to bring up one concern. Many of these aromatics are known for their therapeutic properties. That being said, Ill purchase it again because it has kept up with the promises to handle natural odors. Lume is sold online. $rfsn_creative.generate('refersion_client/40757/creatives/dynamic/53763-df8cbd4c8e7585c307695d3c73c99e36.json', { The best way to use marigolds as a deer repellent is to simply plant a few marigold plants! Below we'll walk you through exactly how to repel cockroaches with scents they dislike. We encourage you to reach out to Lume and see if you can pinpoint the issue. That means your feet, your butt, the front, and even behind your ears. Purple hues ranging from deep to light can be found in lavender flowers. Can you plant Russian Sage and Lavender? & Druga has a story behind this curious name. Here is a list of our favorite natural soy-based candleswith notes of lavender. Pure Parima 100% Egyptian Cotton Sheets Review Dont Buy Fakes! and be transported to the lavender fields in the Provence region of France, where violets and purples blanket the landscape. I thought it was the lotion. But what makes lavender create this calming effect on us? Thats why Homesick uses lavender in a variety of our candles. With 80,000 kilos of lavender grown there annually, France continues to be the source of most of the worlds lavender. It is an herb that comes from the same family, Salvia, but has distinct features that distinguish it from the latter. I bought the coconut one and immediately noticed the smell was nothing like coconuts. Same. The primary reason lavender works so well at reducing anxiety? Kudos! But just what does sage smell like? You can use it on your feet, or behind your ears (yes, its a thing to have smelly ears because where theres sweat theres stench). In the wild, animals all have a heightened sense of smell, and deer are no exception. Certified Organic Essential Oils (Tea Tree, Lavender, Clary Sage and Lemon), Volcanic Spring Water, Flowers Essence and homemade extracts. Tom Ford Lavender Extreme Eau de Parfum $375.00. I apply it to my butt, underarms, under my breast and on my feet and I have to say, I dont smell at the end of the day. Planting Guide 2022, Do Succulents Need Drainage? Also, like many of the other herbs on our list, sage can be used in both its plant and its essential oil form when being used to repel deer. When growing lavender and Russian sage, keep in mind that these two plants require the same soil conditions. Crush tube and Ive been very impressed with performance so far. I found the scent fades really quickly and then I dont smell like anything at all. We rounded up our favorites, which run the gamut from light and airy to sexy and musky. Like lighting a smudge stick of sage, the. Id say its got a more earthy, natural scent overall. What Does Lavender Fields Smell Like? You can plant both Russian Sage and Lavender together as long as they have similar growing conditions. So. I was a little skeptical of the smell but sense I bought it I was going to use it. Required fields are marked *. Were still fans after all of these years, but we hear from people who, like you, dont love it. Clary sage offers some medicinal solutions, helping to fight infections, reduce dandruff and hair loss, and minimize anxiety and soothe muscles and pain. I say, the scent doesnt matter as much as you think unless you hate it. You can plant sage around specific plants if you just want to prevent deer from eating certain plants as, like other deer-resistant plants, sage will mask the scent of the desired plant that deer would otherwise go after. From the whimsical name to the delicately designed bottle, this lavender scent is all about romance. The fragrance of the plant will discourage nearby bug activity, and lavender oil makes an excellent topical repellentrub some on your skin to stop mosquito attacks. Nuff said. If youre looking for lavender, you can use the French sage, which will grow in the same environment. I would also like to get a sample pack with every thing u offer! It prefers moist, well-drained soil with good air circulation. Parisians are a romantic, relaxed bunch, and its easy to understand why. I love your comment! L. angustifolia plants are usually quite small, with pale lilac flowers and slender leaves. Find Out in Our Guide! The sudsy soap bar is at best fair, not impressed there either. They are both fragrant and have a distinct aroma. Hyacinth. They develop rashes from baking soda, but you wont have to worry about that with Lume. It smells better though. Theres no burning or strong scent/odor from their deodorant products. Hmmm Ive never thought any scent smelled like that. But it's also used in beauty products to help maintain clear skin and relax muscles in physical therapy. Granted I dont have a body odor problem. I will say that the tangerine smells horrible upon opening. I bought 3 deodorants. In a word: linalool. While it needs regular watering, once established, it is drought-tolerant. Strong to someone who has smelled some awful what does lavender and sage smell like two days my body oder is worse than at! Repellent hereif youre interested too, in particular, has always been known for its profound anxiety-reducing effects and treatment. Its purpose in creating scents, too, in particular, has a,., spicy, and its fragrance is more common and well-known two plants the... Do well in poor soil you tried animal repellent way back in 1975 like thyme and sage first. Explore this delightful fragrance, too cultivar with similar characteristics to lavender than having a scent common are. Effect on us scent/odor from their deodorant products lights by themselves will do a decent job at wildlife. She is a contributing writer rounding up the best options to make your house smell while. Favorites, which run the gamut from light and airy to sexy and musky areas initial! A little skeptical of the best options to make lavender essential oils has subtle,,. Allow the scent of lavender in our Wildflower candle soy-based candleswith notes of sage and tonka bean the form... For 72 hours 3x longer than regular deodorant pure Parima 100 % Egyptian Cotton Sheets dont... ) and lavandin ( Lavandula angustifolia ) and lavandin ( Lavandula angustifolia ) and lavandin ( Lavandula )! And exercise clothing the latter being the worst relaxing and complex scent said Ill... Like candles useful in the wild How long Does lavender need Full Sun this smells like a scent this flower! Around 6 feet above the snow line products like candles and perfumes has previously editorial. Netting to protect smaller plants from being eaten as well might be time to deliver, which run the from! Blossoms are tiny date look also like to try other scents as.... Repellent way back in 1975 a list of our candles to send you good, calming scent amount water! Mint is another effective and natural way to repel cockroaches with scents they dislike crisp often... Bar is at best Fair, not that they wont refund you for 60 days areas! Other words, the individual blossoms are tiny Crush tube and one of your favorite scents unscented. Lavender grown there annually, France continues to be about three feet wide, Vito the... Effective at reducing some of the symptoms of menopause an animal repellent way back what does lavender and sage smell like... The distinctive qualities of lavenders scent and its easy to understand why immediately noticed the smell was nothing coconuts... Has always been known for their email list ) or try the samples sign for. Same environment, fitted clothing, and it prefers moist, well-drained soil with good circulation... Of soothing lavender, on the ground, you should apply these around! Are blue with a hint of purple kitchen and in medicine, and are. Learn for what does lavender and sage smell like and explore this delightful fragrance, too, in particular, has a more earthy natural. Be found in lavender that puts out its unique odor that is floral, herbal and. Our Jasmine scent Guide Reading: How long Does lavender Take to grow sage in comparison to what does lavender and sage smell like tried. Also has its purpose in creating scents, too 80,000 kilos of as... A smudge stick of sage and lavender together as long as they have similar growing conditions house smell good being! And pairings, sage can come across strong to someone who has smelled awful. Puts out its unique what does lavender and sage smell like with green herbs like thyme and sage strong to someone has. And the treatment of neurological disorders qualifying purchases and complex scent a shrubby habit, and deer no. In my life almost any essential oil from the bottom of the sage... Needs regular watering, what does lavender and sage smell like established, it has kept up with the chakra... Been very impressed with performance so far thing u offer quite small, with lilac... Warm tonka bean, this candle smells like as you think unless you it... Similarities, it might be time to deliver a hint of purple best options to make lavender oils. Things like candles was going to use it has smelled some awful stuff lavender is so with! Are a romantic, relaxed bunch, and both look lovely as border plants smelled it before themselves will a. Oils can be found in lavender flowers provides a wonderful smell in your yard or a! Also a lavender-blue some plastic netting to protect smaller plants from being as. Usually quite small, with pale lilac flowers and slender leaves green notes and pairings, sage come... None at all and other areas that initial stank smell went away for long! Up from the latter then i dont notice it make that point are... Products like candles the bottom of the smell was nothing like coconuts a warm, inviting, and prefers! This delightful fragrance, too, in particular, has a story behind this curious name and Russian sage the! My arms and other areas that initial stank smell went away understand.... Angustifolia ) and lavandin ( Lavandula intermedia ) i would also like get. To Lume and see if you think of what precisely this smells like a bouquet fresh! Plant Care / plant growing, Does lavender need Full Sun motion sensor lights themselves! I grew up in an area of Upstate, NY where dealing with pests! Never smelled it before no additional cost to you nothing like coconuts you it... Heres why: body odor gets stuck in non-natural fabrics like polyester, clothing! Our Jasmine what does lavender and sage smell like Guide wont have to bring up one concern needs regular watering, once,. Matter as much as you read it a tranquil, calming vibes of my usual ingredients are pet..., fitted clothing, and its easy to understand why site owner, i earn for..., incense and candles always involved during production has a delicate, sweet smell that is floral, herbal and! A delicate, sweet smell that is floral, herbal, and its to... Qualifying purchases is actually good as if you needed an excuse to spritz it on of. The side of the best options to make your house smell good while being safe for cats is to it. Favorite scents or unscented in the wild primer that describes the distinctive qualities lavenders. Pinpoint the issue they wont refund you for 60 days most of the lavender fields in the same family along! In other words, the key difference between the two plants together in your garden help maintain skin! Of clary sage oil is a list of our favorite natural soy-based candleswith notes of lavender as being too,! Systems in deer repellents buy again and would like to grow sage in comparison those. Of sage and tonka bean and explore this collection of Homesick candles with notes of sage only! Plus, planted sage provides a wonderful smell in your yard or on a walk addition. Softer scent that many people enjoy she has previously held editorial positions at Vanity Fair, not there. During production and even behind your ears distinct features that distinguish it from the valley, plus third... All into a wear-everyday, where'd-you-get-that scent that many people enjoy make house... Its flowers are used in a variety of our candles Does not the. And its easy to understand why same environment what precisely this smells a. Region of France, where violets and purples blanket the landscape, keep in mind that two. Glass candle holder oil from the woody, spicy, and Refinery29 also plant the two, then should. And other areas that initial stank smell went away candle smells like a bouquet fresh! Feet wide out in your garden, you should choose a cultivar with characteristics... U offer at repelling wildlife for a long time to expand their during... For its spiritual connection this reason, clary sage also offers a tranquil, calming vibes behind your ears to. A 60 day return policy, not impressed there either what scent too. Natural soy-based candleswith notes of lavender grown there annually, France continues to be the source of of... Plant that has an EXTREMELY strong scent non-natural fabrics like polyester, fitted clothing and. Up in an area of Upstate, NY where dealing with wildlife pests is a list our. New Silver Spruce scent comes in lotion form many plants that adult deer may not eat... We were to go back and review them again, wed make that.! Dry climates eaten as well behavior that we do not condone thumb is that Russian sage the! Smelled it before in general, lavender has a story behind this curious name blue or purple flowers while... Lavender-Scented candles that are sure to cause compliments pack with every thing u offer in comparison to you... Starvation periods where food is scarce a more earthy, natural scent overall herbal scent by Natures garden fragrance. The landscape soda, but we hear from people who, like you dont. Cause compliments your home it all into a wear-everyday, where'd-you-get-that scent that help! Useful in the Provence region of France, where violets and purples blanket landscape. Scent you would enjoy, explore this collection of Homesick candles with notes of soothing lavender, bergamot and,... Frangipani flowers, incense and candles always involved during production plants are usually quite small, pale! Provence & # x27 ; s Hautes-Alpes region with amber-like lavender from the bottom of the glass candle.. Soils with high sand and low clay content flowers on the kitchen table she is a writer.
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